Understanding Your Skin Type
Your skin type is determined by how much sebum (oil) your sebaceous glands produce. It is primarily genetic, but it can shift throughout your life due to age, hormones, climate, diet, and the products you use. Knowing your skin type is the single most important step to building an effective skincare routine.
Oily Skin
Oily skin produces excess sebum, resulting in a shiny or greasy appearance — especially across the forehead, nose, and chin (the T-zone). Enlarged pores, frequent breakouts, and blackheads are common. The upside: oily skin tends to age more slowly and has a natural moisture barrier. Key ingredients to look for include niacinamide, salicylic acid, hyaluronic acid, and clay.
Dry Skin
Dry skin produces less sebum than normal, leading to a lack of moisture and lipids that keep skin supple. It can feel tight, rough, or flaky — especially after cleansing. Fine lines may appear more prominent. Dry skin craves rich emollients and occlusive ingredients like ceramides, shea butter, squalane, and glycerin.
Combination Skin
Combination skin features an oily T-zone (forehead, nose, chin) with normal to dry cheeks. It is the most common skin type globally. The challenge is balancing hydration for dry areas without triggering more oil in the T-zone. Lightweight, water-based products and niacinamide, hyaluronic acid, and gentle AHAs work well.
Normal Skin
Normal skin is well-balanced — not too oily, not too dry. Pores are small, texture is even, and it rarely reacts to products. It is the least common skin type and tends to be resilient. Even normal skin benefits from consistent sun protection and lightweight hydration to maintain its balance as you age.
Sensitive Skin
Sensitive skin is easily irritated by products, environmental factors, and stress. Symptoms include redness, burning, stinging, or itching. It can overlap with any other skin type. Fragrance-free, minimal-ingredient formulas are essential. Key ingredients include centella asiatica, aloe vera, allantoin, and azelaic acid. Always patch-test new products.